一、材料類型選擇

1、 Material type selection

航空鋁合金（如 6061-T6）

Aviation aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6)

優(yōu)勢：強(qiáng)度重量比高（屈服強(qiáng)度 276MPa），耐腐蝕性好，適合主承力結(jié)構(gòu)

Advantages: High strength to weight ratio (yield strength 276MPa), good corrosion resistance, suitable for main load-bearing structures

應(yīng)用：機(jī)翼主梁、機(jī)身框架，厚度控制在 1-3mm

Application: Wing main beam, fuselage frame, thickness controlled within 1-3mm

驗(yàn)證：通過超聲波探傷檢測內(nèi)部缺陷，鹽霧測試達(dá) 500 小時(shí)

Verification: Internal defects are detected through ultrasonic testing, and salt spray testing lasts for 500 hours

碳纖維復(fù)合材料（T700 / 環(huán)氧樹脂）

Carbon fiber composite material (T700/epoxy resin)

優(yōu)勢：比強(qiáng)度是鋼的 7 倍（拉伸強(qiáng)度 4900MPa），適合曲面蒙皮

Advantages: The specific strength is 7 times that of steel (tensile strength 4900MPa), suitable for curved skin

工藝：采用真空袋壓成型，纖維方向與應(yīng)力方向夾角≤15°

Process: Vacuum bag compression molding is adopted, and the angle between the fiber direction and the stress direction is ≤ 15 °

注意：需預(yù)埋金屬嵌件解決連接問題

Attention: Pre embedded metal fittings are required to solve the connection problem

ABS 工程塑料（熔體流動速率 1.2g/10min）

ABS engineering plastic (melt flow rate 1.2g/10min)

優(yōu)勢：易注塑成型，表面粗糙度 Ra≤0.8μm，適合復(fù)雜氣動外形

Advantages: Easy injection molding, surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.8 μ m, suitable for complex aerodynamic shapes

改性：添加 5% 玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)，彎曲模量提升至 2.5GPa

Modification: Adding 5% glass fiber reinforcement, the bending modulus is increased to 2.5GPa

輕木（巴爾沙木）

Light wood (Balsamwood)

優(yōu)勢：密度僅 120kg/m?，抗壓強(qiáng)度 8MPa，適合非承力結(jié)構(gòu)

Advantages: Density of only 120kg/m?, Compressive strength of 8MPa, suitable for non load bearing structures

處理：表面浸涂環(huán)氧樹脂增強(qiáng)抗?jié)裥裕穸取?0mm

Treatment: Surface coating with epoxy resin to enhance moisture resistance, thickness ≤ 10mm

二、性能指標(biāo)要求

2、 Performance indicator requirements

結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度

structural strength

屈服強(qiáng)度≥150MPa（靜態(tài)模型），疲勞強(qiáng)度≥80MPa（動態(tài)展示）

Yield strength ≥ 150MPa (static model), fatigue strength ≥ 80MPa (dynamic display)

模態(tài)分析：一階固有頻率需避開 50Hz 振動源

Modal analysis: The first-order natural frequency should avoid the 50Hz vibration source

輕量化設(shè)計(jì)

lightweight design

密度控制：主結(jié)構(gòu)材料≤2.8g/cm?，內(nèi)部采用蜂窩夾層結(jié)構(gòu)

Density control: Main structural material ≤ 2.8g/cm?, Internally adopts a honeycomb sandwich structure

典型案例：空客 A380 模型使用碳纖維 - 鋁蜂窩復(fù)合板，重量降低 40%

Typical case: The Airbus A380 model uses carbon fiber aluminum honeycomb composite panels, reducing weight by 40%

環(huán)境適應(yīng)性

Environmental adaptability

溫變范圍：-40℃~80℃無變形（采用 PC/ABS 合金）

Temperature range: -40 ℃~80 ℃ without deformation (using PC/ABS alloy)

阻燃等級：UL94 V-0 級（電子設(shè)備艙區(qū)域）

Flame retardant rating: UL94 V-0 (electronic equipment compartment area)

三、加工工藝適配

3、 Process adaptation

金屬成型

metal forming

數(shù)控折彎：R 角半徑≥2 倍板厚，避免應(yīng)力集中

CNC bending: R-angle radius ≥ 2 times the plate thickness to avoid stress concentration

激光焊接：能量密度 10^6W/cm?，焊縫寬度≤0.3mm

Laser welding: energy density of 10 ^ 6W/cm?, Weld seam width ≤ 0.3mm

復(fù)合材料加工

Composite material processing

鋪層設(shè)計(jì)：采用 [0/±45/90] s 對稱鋪層，層間剪切強(qiáng)度≥50MPa

Laying design: Adopting [0/± 45/90] s symmetrical laying, interlayer shear strength ≥ 50MPa

固化工藝：120℃×2h 熱壓罐固化，孔隙率≤1%

Curing process: 120 ℃ × 2h hot press can curing, porosity ≤ 1%

3D 打印技術(shù)

3D printing technology

材料選擇：尼龍 12（斷裂伸長率 25%），適合復(fù)雜內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)

Material selection: Nylon 12 (25% elongation at break), suitable for complex internal structures

精度控制：層厚 0.05mm，尺寸誤差 ±0.1mm

Accuracy control: layer thickness of 0.05mm, dimensional error of ± 0.1mm

四、表面處理方案

4、 Surface treatment plan

底漆系統(tǒng)

Primer System

鋁合金：鉻酸陽極氧化（膜厚 8-15μm）+ 環(huán)氧底漆

Aluminum alloy: chromic acid anodizing (film thickness 8-15 μ m)+epoxy primer

復(fù)合材料：等離子處理后涂覆聚氨酯底漆

Composite material: coated with polyurethane primer after plasma treatment

面漆工藝

Topcoat process

光澤度：啞光效果（60° 光澤≤20GU），需添加消光劑

Glossiness: Matte effect (60 ° gloss ≤ 20GU), requires the addition of matting agent

耐磨性：鉛筆硬度≥2H，附著力劃格法 0 級

Wear resistance: Pencil hardness ≥ 2H, adhesion scratch method level 0

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